Politics And Regulatory Guidelines For Mental Health Care

Politics And Regulatory Guidelines In 2008, legislation on mental health care changed. Coinsurance for mental health services decreased from a staggering 50% co-payment for outpatient mental health services to the usual 20% co-payment for other medical services (Touhy Jett, 2011). Mental health services are now covered under the Medicare Part B services, which is regulated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services. Dementia has a large psychological component, which requires mental health services. The passage of this legislation will significantly improve access of care for the outpatient dementia patient (Touhy Jett, 2011). Access to inpatient care is limited to a lifetime maximum of 190 days (Touhy Jett, 2011). Dementia is a chronic disorder and will require more than 190 days of treatment in the advanced stage of the disease process. Many dementia patients may eventually be institutionalized. Long term care facilities are very expensive. Patients without long term car e insurance or another type of insurance to supplement Medicare may become financially burdened. The Affordable Care Act has enacted several programs to benefit geriatric patients without the financial means to support themselves in a long term care setting or home health care. The following are programs provided by the Medicaid program: Home and Community-Based Services State Plan Option, Community First Choice, State Balancing Incentive Payments Program, Money Follows the Person (MFP),Show MoreRelatedA Time Of Rapid Industrialization1713 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s golden paint, or industrialization, was hiding all the economic and social problems on the inside. Although the Gilded Age brought along great advances in industrialization, it brought many new problems that were never experienced before. The politics of this time period came up short when it came to dealing with the economic and social issues it faced. 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SomeRead MoreHealthcare Information Management Essay examples3076 Words   |  13 PagesJennifer Bartus HCA352 Legal and Ethical Aspects of Health Information Management Olympia Boyce-Taylor August 18, 2013 HEALTHCARE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT There are various legal and ethical aspects of Health Information Management. Government regulations in healthcare continue to make drastic changes. In Healthcare, lawsuits become more and more complex and issues increase. It is important for Health Information managers to have knowledge of healthcareRead MoreCivil Rights for the Disabled: The Rehabilitation Act of 19732309 Words   |  10 Pagesservices to those with mental retardation and mental illness. This act was made to assist vocationally disabled civilians and disabled veterans by providing funds through a federal-state matching formula (DiNitto, 2003). Federal and state governments shared the cost of the vocational rehabilitation program on a fifty-fifty basis (DiNitto, 2003). 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Prepare to discuss your timeline with your Learning Team or in class. Format all references consistent with APA guidelines. Copyright  © 2013 Penn Nursing Science, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing http://www.nursing.upenn.edu/nhhc/Pages/AmericanNursingIntroduction.aspx http://www.nursing.upenn.edu/nhhc/Welcome%20Page%20Content/American%20NursingRead MoreAgeism in Healthcare6728 Words   |  27 Pagesand living situations, and their overall health status (Jacobsen, Kent, Lee Mather, 2011). Economic factors are key as they directly pertain to the likelihood of reliance on publically-funded healthcare programs, while â€Å"the marital status and living arrangements of the elderly are closely tied to levels of social support, economic well-being, and the availability of caregivers† (Jacobsen et al., 2011, p. 4). The importance of this population’s general health status is, of course, self-explanatory

The Forbidden Game The Chase Chapter 11 Free Essays

The kitchen was empty. A trickle of water ran out of the faucet, and there was an odd, sharp smell. Sitting grotesquely in the middle of the green linoleum floor was a paper doll. We will write a custom essay sample on The Forbidden Game: The Chase Chapter 11 or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was folded to allow it to sit, and one arm was twisted up to give it a mockingly casual air. As if Audrey were saying: â€Å"Here I am. Where have you been?† It was obscene. Tom’s hands were on Jenny’s shoulders, trying to calm her. She wrenched away from him and picked the macabre little figure up. It was the doll Audrey had used in the Game, her playing piece in the paper house. Audrey herself had drawn the face, had colored in the hair and clothes with Joey’s crayons. Jenny hadn’t seen it since she’d packed it up with the rest of the Game in the white box. She realized suddenly that it hadn’t been in Angela’s toolshed None of the dolls had. The waxy face looked up at Jenny with a terrible cunning smile. A U of bright pink. As if this doll knew what had happened to the real Audrey, and was glad about it. â€Å"Oh, God-God,† Jenny was gasping, almost sobbing. The doll crumpled in her hand. Everything in the kitchen was wavering. â€Å"I don’t believe it,† Michael said, pushing past the others. â€Å"Where is she?† He stared at Jenny, grabbed her arm. â€Å"Where is she?† Tom grabbed Michael. â€Å"Let go of her.† â€Å"Where’s Audrey?† â€Å"I said, let go of her!† Dee’s voice rang out dangerously. â€Å"Cool off, both of you!† â€Å"But how did she get out of the kitchen?† Michael said wildly. â€Å"We were right around the corner-we didn’t hear anything. Nothing could have happened to her. We were right there.† Dee was kneeling on the floor, running her fingers across the linoleum. â€Å"It’s darker here-see? This whole area is darker. And it smells burned.† Jenny could see it now, a circle of darker green several feet in diameter. Tom was still gripping Michael, but his voice was quiet. â€Å"You didn’t see that thing on the beach-that void, Mike. It didn’t make any noise at all. That’s how she got out of the kitchen.† ‘†In the midst of the word she was trying to say,/ In the midst of her laughter and glee,'† Zachary quoted, behind them. Jenny turned sharply to see him standing there. With his thin, intense face and his dark-circled eyes, he looked like a prophet of doom. But when his gray eyes met Jenny’s, she knew he cared. He was still holding the poem. The last of the cloudiness in Jenny’s head vanished. Tears and hysterics weren’t going to help Audrey. They weren’t going to help anyone. She looked down at the crumpled paper doll in her hand. It was her fault. Audrey had fallen into a black hole, and it was Jenny’s fault, just as Summer’s death had been. But Audrey wasn’t dead yet. â€Å"I’ll find her,† Jenny said softly to the paper thing she held. â€Å"I’ll find her, and then I’ll rip you to pieces. I’m going to win this Game.† It went on smiling its cunning waxy smile, bland and malevolent. Michael was sniffling and rubbing his nose. Dee was investigating the floor like an ebony huntress. â€Å"It’s like the marks a UFO might leave,† she said. â€Å"When it lands, I mean. A perfect circle.† â€Å"Or a fairy ring,† Michael said thickly. â€Å"She was so scared of that kind of stuff-legend stuff, you know?† Tom patted him on the back. â€Å"The Erlking,† Jenny said grimly. She reached across Tom to grip the sleeve of Michael’s sweatshirt. â€Å"But we got her back from him last time, MichaeL We’ll get here back now.† Dee stood in one fluid, graceful motion. â€Å"I think we’d all better stay together from now on,† she said. Zach had moved up behind Jenny. The five of them were together, standing in one connected knot in the center of the kitchen. Jenny felt herself draw strength from all the others. â€Å"We can sleep in the living room,† Michael said. â€Å"On the floor. We can push the furniture back.† They raided the bedrooms for blankets and mattresses and found sleeping bags in the closet. In the bathroom Jenny stripped off her golden dress and put on an old sweatsuit of Michael’s. She jammed the shimmering material in the laundry hamper, never wanting to see it again. It scared her to be alone even for a minute. But we haven’t had another clue, she thought. He can’t do anything else without another clue. It wouldn’t be fair. â€Å"It wouldn’t be sporting,† she said through her teeth to the wall. It had suddenly occurred to her that Julian might be able to hear her. To see her, even-he’d watched her from the shadows for years. It was a disturbing thought, to know that no place was private, but right now Jenny hoped he was listening. â€Å"It’s no Game at all if we don’t have a chance,† she told the wall softly but fiercely. In the living room she sat down on a mattress next to Tom. He put an arm around her, and she rested against him, glad of his warmth and solidity. If there was one tiny comfort in all of this, it was that Tom was with her again. She snuggled into his arm and shut her eyes. This was where she could forget about Julian-forget about everything dark and terrible. Tom’s strong warm hand clasped hers, held tightly. Then she felt the pressure released and sensed the change in Tom’s body. Tension flooding in. He was holding her hand up, looking at it. No, not at her hand. At the ring. The golden band which had felt like ice on her’ finger earlier that night had warmed to her bodj temperature. She hadn’t even noticed it for hours. Now, horrified, she snatched her hand back from Tom’s. She tried to pull the ring off. It wouldn’t come. Soap, she thought. She pulled frantically, twisting the circlet, reddening her finger. Soap or butter orIt was no good. She knew without even trying. The ring was on to stay. She could do anything she liked, but it wouldn’t come off until Julian wanted it to. If she could have gotten it off, she might have been able to change tie words inside-and Julian would never risk that He’d said that speaking and writing words made them true. He would never take the chance that Jenny might change the words and change her fate. â€Å"We’re going to win the Game,† she said to the shuttered darkness in Tom’s eyes. â€Å"When we win, I’m free of my promise.† She said it almost pleadingly-but Tom’s face remained closed. He’d gone away again, leaving a polite stranger in nil place. â€Å"We’d better get to sleep,† he said and turned to his own pile of blankets. Jenny was left sitting there, feeling the inscription on the inside of the ring as if the letters were burning their way into her skin. Nothing is as frightening as waking up and not knowing who you are, not knowing it’s you waking. It happened to Jenny Sunday morning. She opened her eyes and didn’t know which direction was which. She didn’t know her place in the world, where she was in time and space. Then she remembered. Michael’s living room. They were there because of Julian. She sat up so suddenly that it made her dizzy, and she frantically looked for the others. They were all there. Michael was curled almost in a ball under his blanket; Dee was sprawled lazily on the couch like a sleeping lioness. Zach was on his back on the floor, his blond ponytail streaming on his pillow. Tom was beside him, face turned toward Jenny, one hand stretched toward her. As if he’d reached out in his sleep, unaware of it. Jenny took a moment to look at him. He looked different asleep, very young and vulnerable. At times she loved him so much it was like a physical ache, a pain in her chest. Dee yawned and stretched, sitting up. â€Å"Everybody here?† she said, instantly alert and oriented. â€Å"Then let’s kick Michael and make him get us some breakfast. We’re guests.† Tom pulled his hand away when he woke up, and avoided Jenny’s eyes. â€Å"Do you really think we can get away with it?† Michael asked doubtfully. â€Å"We’ve got to,† Jenny said. â€Å"What else are we going to say to them? ‘I’m sorry; your daughter’s been kidnapped, but don’t worry because we’re going to get her back’?† â€Å"It’ll be all right as long as we get the housekeeper,† Dee said. â€Å"I’ll talk to her while you go upstairs.† â€Å"Then we’ll go by your place,† Jenny said, â€Å"and you can tell your parents you’re staying with me. And Zach can tell his parents he’s staying with Tom, and Tom-â€Å" â€Å"But the question is: will they buy it?† Michael said. â€Å"I mean, we’re not talking about just one night, here. It could be days before we find that base.† â€Å"We’ll tell them we’ve got a school project,† Jenny said, â€Å"and it may take a few nights of working on it. We’ll make them buy it. We have to.† She and Dee and Zach went in Dee’s jeep, while Tom and Michael followed in the RX-7. Tom hadn’t said a word to her all morning, and Jenny tried to hide her left hand whenever she could. She felt as if the ring were a badge of shame. They’d decided to go everywhere together from now on. Nobody was ever to be alone, and whenever possible all five of them were to be in the same place. They pulled up in tandem to Audrey’s house, and Dee and Jenny knocked on the door while the boys watched from the sidewalk. â€Å"Hi, Gabrielle,† Dee said to the housekeeper who answered. â€Å"Are Mr. and Mrs. Myers here? Oh, too bad. Well, could you tell them that Audrey’s going to spend a couple nights with Jenny and me at Jenny’s?† Meanwhile, Jenny speedily headed up the stairs of the stately house and came back a few minutes later with an armful of clothes. â€Å"Audrey just asked me to pick up a few things for her,† she said brightly to Gabrielle, and then she and Dee made a fast retreat, â€Å"Whew!† Dee said when they were back in the jeep. Jenny blinked away tears. Handling Audrey’s clothes had brought the sense of guilt back. But it had to be done. Audrey would never go anywhere overnight without a few different outfits. â€Å"We probably should have taken her car,† Dee said. â€Å"She takes that everywhere, too.† â€Å"Maybe later,† said Jenny. â€Å"I picked up her keys while I was in her bedroom.† â€Å"Next victim,† Zachary said from the back seat. Tom disposed of his parents quickly; he and Michael came out of his Spanish-style house with a bundle of clothes each. â€Å"And a few textbooks,† Michael said. â€Å"For authenticity.† Jenny’s mother was at church. Jenny shouted her message to her father, who was bent over the pool, wrestling with the floating cleaner. â€Å"Gonna stay with Dee for a few days, Dad! We’re working on a big physiology project!† â€Å"Call us occasionally to let us know you’re alive,† her father said, pushing his glasses up by hunching his shoulder and not releasing his grip on the pool cleaner. Jenny gave him one quick frightened glance before she realized it was a joke. Mr. Thornton complained a lot about being the father of a teenager with an active social schedule. She surprised him by running up and kissing his sweaty cheek. â€Å"I will, Daddy. I love you.† Then she ran away again. It was at Zach’s house that they ran into trouble. They were giddy with their previous successes, and not prepared when they pulled up to the mock Tudor house on Quail Run. Jenny went into the garage with Zach while the others talked to Jenny’s aunt Lily. â€Å"You keep your textbooks out here?† â€Å"The art ones. And I figure we might as well bring a flashlight.† He took one off a hook on the wall. Jenny looked around the studio Zach had made in the garage. Being here made her think about Julian, about the time in the paper house when he had impersonated Zach. Flustered, she stared at a print on the wall. It was a giant mural print showing school cafeteria tables stacked in a glorious pyramid, four high and four deep, almost blocking the exit. Zach had taken it last year after she and Tom and Dee and he had stacked the tables one night. They’d left the tables that way for the VGHS staff to find the next morning. Jenny tried to concentrate on the fun of that night, her mind adding color to the gray tones of the picture, but a soft assault on all her senses had begun. She kept seeing Zach’s face in her mind, watching it turn to Julian’s. Feeling the softness of Julian’s hair under her fingers. â€Å"You okay, Jenny? You look kind of red.† â€Å"Oh, no, no, I’m fine.† More flustered than ever, she added hastily, â€Å"So what have you done lately? You haven’t shown me any new prints for a while,† Zach’s shoulders hunched slightly, and he looked away. â€Å"I’ve been busy with other things,† he said. Jenny blinked. That was a new one. Zach too busy for his photos? But she had to make conversation; she was afraid to let the silence go on. â€Å"What’s this?† she said, touching a textbook that lay open on the desk. â€Å"Magritte,† Zach said succinctly. â€Å"Magritte? He was a painter, right?† â€Å"A Belgian surrealist.† Suddenly focused, Zach picked up the textbook. He looked at it almost fiercely, his features sharp. â€Å"Look at this,† he said, opening it to a new page. â€Å"I was thinking about doing something that would catch the same mood. I just wish†¦Ã¢â‚¬  His voice trailed off. Jenny looked and saw an extremely weird picture. It showed a brown pipe, the kind Audrey’s father smoked, with the words This is not a pipe under it. Jenny stared at it, feeling stupid. Beside her, Zach was tense, waiting for her response. â€Å"But-it is a pipe,† she said timidly, tapping her finger on the brown bowl. Zach’s gray eyes were still on the book. â€Å"No, it isn’t.† â€Å"Yes, it is.† â€Å"No, it isn’t. A picture of a pipe is not a pipe.† For a moment she got it-then it slipped away. It made her head hurt, but it also gave her a vaguely excited feeling. Mystical. â€Å"The image isn’t reality,† Zach said quietly but with force. â€Å"Even though we’re used to thinking that way a lot of the time. We show a kid a picture of a dog and say This is a doggie’-but it’s not. It’s just an image.† He glanced at her sideways and added, â€Å"A paper house is not a house.† â€Å"Unless you have somebody who can make an image into reality,† Jenny said, giving him a meaningful glance back. â€Å"Maybe he’s an artist, in a way,† Zach said. He flipped to another page. â€Å"See this? It’s a famous painting.† It was another extremely weird picture, but it took you a moment to see the weirdness. It showed a window in a room, and through the window a pretty landscape. Hills and trees and clouds. Only-it was odd, but under the window were three metal things like the legs of a stand. The legs of an easel, Jenny realized suddenly. There was actually an easel with a canvas on it in front of the window, but the painting on the canvas blended in so exactly with the landscape behind it that it was almost invisible. It left you wondering: Where was the artist who had left the easel? And who could have painted a picture that blended in so exactly with reality, anyway? â€Å"It’s bizarre,† Jenny said. â€Å"I like it.† She smiled at Zach, feeling as if they had a secret. She saw his expression change, and then he looked away, his gray eyes distant. â€Å"It’s important to know the difference between image and reality,† he said softly. He glanced at her sideways again, as if considering whether to tell her another secret. Considering whether she could be trusted. Then he said almost casually, â€Å"You know, I used to think that imaginary worlds were safer than the real one. Then I saw a real imaginary world. And it was-† He stopped. Jenny was startled at his expression. She put her hand on his arm. â€Å"I know.† He looked at her. â€Å"Remember how we used to play in the orchard when we were kids? It didn’t seem important then to know the difference between what’s real and what isn’t. But it’s important now, It’s important to me.† Oh. All at once, Jenny understood. No wonder Zach had been so moody lately. His photography, his art-it wasn’t safe anymore. It had been contaminated by their experience in the Shadow World. For the first time in his life Zach was having to face squarely up to reality. â€Å"That’s why you haven’t done any new prints,† she said. â€Å"Isn’t it, Zach? It’s-it’s artist’s block.† He hunched one shoulder again. â€Å"I just haven’t seen anything I wanted to photograph. I used to see things all the time and want to shoot them-but lately I just don’t care.† â€Å"I’m sorry, Zach.† But I’m glad you told me, Jenny thought. She felt very close to her cousin just then. She went on in a low voice, â€Å"Maybe when this is all over-â€Å" She was cut off by the bang of a door. The quiet moment was shattered. Zach’s father stood in the doorway. He said hello briefly to Jenny, then turned to Zach. â€Å"So here you are,† he said. â€Å"What’s this about you taking off without telling anyone last night?† Jenny had never been sure she liked her uncle Bill. He was a big man, and he had large hairy hands. His face always seemed rather flushed. Zach’s voice was cool and bloodless. â€Å"I just went to spend the night somewhere. Is that a crime?† â€Å"It is when you don’t tell your mother or me.† â€Å"I left a note.† Mr. Taylor’s face got more flushed. â€Å"I’m not talking about a note. I don’t know what’s going on with you anymore. You used to spend most of your time holed up out here†-he gestured around the garage-â€Å"and now you’re gone all the time. Your mother says you think you’re going to spend another night away from home.† â€Å"I’ve got a project to do-â€Å" â€Å"Then you can do it right here. You’re not staying out overnight on a school night. If you think that, you’ve got another think coming.† Jenny’s stomach had a falling-elevator feeling. She opened her mouth, trying to think of something, anything to say. But she could see by her uncle’s face that it wouldn’t do any good. He was as stubborn as Zach; stubborner. The door banged again as he left. Jenny whirled in dismay. â€Å"What are we going to do?† â€Å"Nothing.† Face turned from her, Zach slapped the art book shut and put it back on the pressed-wood shelf. â€Å"But, Zach, we have to-â€Å" â€Å"Look, if you argue with him, he’ll just get madder -and he might start calling around. Do you want him to talk to your parents?† He turned back, and his thin face was calm, although Jenny thought his eyes looked a little sore. â€Å"Don’t rock the boat, Jenny. Maybe he’ll let me come tomorrow.† â€Å"But for tonight-â€Å" â€Å"I’ll be okay. You just-just watch out for yourself, all right?† He moved when Jenny tried to put a hand on his arm and added, â€Å"Tell everybody else what happened, will you? I think I’ll just stay here a while. Do some work.† Jenny’s hand dropped. â€Å"Okay, Zach,† she said softly. She blinked. â€Å"Goodbye. I mean-see you later.† She turned and went quickly out of the garage. â€Å"Now what?† Dee said when they were back at the apartment. They were all quiet, their triumph deflated. â€Å"Now we order some pizza and wait,† Michael said. â€Å"Mid think,† Jenny said. â€Å"*We have to figure out where that base is.† Jenny woke up with a start and thought, iypnopompic hallucination? I think I’m awake, but I’m still dreaming. Mian was leaning over her. â€Å"Tom!† she cried, turning to see him lying on the floor beside her, his breathing deep and even. Her cry didn’t wake him. â€Å"Don’t bother. It’s only a dream. Come in the other room, where we can have a little privacy.† Jenny, who was wearing her own sweatsuit tonight instead of Michael’s, pulled her blanket up higher. Like some Victorian girl in a lacy nightgown. â€Å"You’re crazy,† she told him with dream-calmness. â€Å"If I go in there, you’ll kidnap me.† â€Å"I won’t. I promise.† His teeth gleamed at her briefly, wolflike. â€Å"Remember Perthro?† The rune of gambling, Jenny thought, seeing in her mind’s eye the lines he’d sketched in the air on the night of the prom. The rune of fair play, of sticking to the rules. Meaning he kept his promises, she supposed. Or that he would keep this. Or that he said he would. But he might give me a clue about the base, Jenny thought She and the others hadn’t had much luck figuring it out for themselves. And it was a dream, anyway. She got up and followed him to Michael’s bedroom, where the clock radio said 4:33 a.m. â€Å"Where’s Audrey?† she demanded as he turned to face her. If this had been reality, she would have been frightened of him, maybe too frightened to speak. But it was a dream, and everything she did was governed by dream-logic. â€Å"Safe.† â€Å"But where is she?† â€Å"That would be telling.† His eyes swept over her and he smiled. â€Å"I have to say it; you look equally good in grunge and high fashion.† It wasn’t a dream. The way he disturbed and excited Jenny was too real. By Michael’s bedside lamp she could see his eyes, which at the prom had been shadowed by his mask. She had finally figured out what color they were. It was the blue you see when you’re washing your face in the shower and your fingers press on your closed lids. You see filaments of brightness etched against the black, more vibrant than electric blue. A color that isn’t really in the wavelengths of light that the human eye can perceive. The color Jenny had seen in afterimage when the computer flashed, Jenny looked away, simultaneously holding out her hand to him. â€Å"I want this off, please. Just until the Game is over, take the ring off.† He took her hand instead, stroking her palm with his thumb. â€Å"Is it making Tommy nervous?† â€Å"No-I don’t know. I don’t like it.† She looked at him again, trying to pull her hand away. His fingers were cooler than Tom’s, but just as strong. â€Å"I hate you, you know,† she said earnestly. She couldn’t see why he never seemed to understand this. â€Å"You make me hate you.† â€Å"Is that what you’re feeling? Hate?† Jenny was trembling. Stubbornly she nodded. Very gently he reeled her in by the captive hand, drawing her to him. She’d been wrong. He wasn’t as strong as Tom; he was stronger. Fight or scream? Jenny thought. But he was so close now. She could feel the movement of his breathing. Her heart was beating in the base of her throat. She could feel her eyes widen as she looked up at him. His expression made her stomach flutter. â€Å"What are you going to do?† â€Å"I’m going to kiss you †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Oh, was that all? â€Å"†¦ until you faint.† Then shadows seemed to fill all the corners of the room and close in about her. But some part of her mind still had strength. She didn’t faint, although her legs went weak again. She pushed him away. â€Å"You’re evil,† she whispered. â€Å"How do you think I could ever love something evil? Unless I’m evil, too†¦.† She was beginning to wonder about this. But he laughed. â€Å"There is no good and evil, only black and white. But either black or white on its own is boring, Jenny. If you mix them you get so many colors-so many colors†¦ .† She turned away. She heard him pick something up, one of Michael’s books. â€Å"Here,† he said. â€Å"Have you read this one?† It was a poem, â€Å"The Human Condition† by Howard Nemerov. Jenny’s eyes skimmed over it, not really understanding any of it. It muddled her. â€Å"It’s about world and thought,† Julian explained. â€Å"World being the world, you see, and thought being-everything else. Image. As opposed to reality.† He smiled at her. â€Å"That’s a hint, incidentally.† Jenny was still muddled. She couldn’t seem to focus on the poem, and she was strangely tired. Like the old hypnotist’s saying, her eyes were heavy. Her whole body felt warm and heavy. Julian put his arms around her, supporting her, â€Å"You’d better wake up now.† â€Å"You mean I’d better go to sleep.† â€Å"I mean wake up. If you don’t want to be late.† She felt his lips on her forehead and realized her eyes were shut. She had to open them †¦ she had to open her eyes†¦ But she was drifting, somewhere dark and silent and warm. Just drifting †¦ floating †¦ Some time later Jenny forced her eyes open. Blinked. She was lying on Michael’s living room floor. It had been a dream after all. But beside her was an open book, facedown. Contemporary Poetry. Jenny picked it up and saw the poem Julian had shown her. Now that she was awake and thinking clearly, the poem made more sense; it was even vaguely exciting, But she didn’t have time to appreciate it; her eye fixed on certain words and her heart began to pound. Once I saw world and thought exactly meet, But only in a picture by Magritte. †¦ The poem went on about the picture of a picture by Magritte-the one Zach had shown Jenny. The one of a painting that stood in front of an open window, matching the landscape outside exactly. Fitting in like a puzzle piece, standing alone in an empty room. Magritte, Jenny thought. Oh, God! An empty room. Dropping the book, she seized Tom’s shoulder. â€Å"Tom! Tom, get up! Dee! Michael! It’s Zach!† How to cite The Forbidden Game: The Chase Chapter 11, Essay examples

Execution of Organizations Strategic Plan †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Execution of Organizations Strategic Plan. Answer: Introduction The organizational change depends on the changes of the people associated with the organization. The organizational change usually takes place when the employees understand the potential value of the changing scenario. The leaders play the significant role in managing people during the organizational change (Vernizzi, Zanoni and Russ 2015). The study will explore the revolutionary change led by Sergio Marchionne in Fiat and Chrysler. Sergio Marchionne has the dual citizenships in Italy and Canada. Having degrees in philosophy, MBA, and law, he started working as an account and he was appointed in the printing and chemical industry. He became the CEO of Fiat in 2004 without having the proper experiments in the automobile industry. The massive success in Fiat and Chrysler is much remarkable since the time he was appointed as the CEO. His major motif was to help the managers instead of making decisions. He is much responsible towards his job and associates. He took the training and deve lopment process, proper communication and coaching plan for helping the managers to achieve the objective. The study will thus disclose the information regarding these change levers in fiat and Chrysler. There are five significant levers that drive change within the organizations. The first lever is communication plan, which signifies the establishment of the high frequency messages among all departments of the organization (Zanoni, Vernizzi and D'anna 2014). The maintenance of the transparent communication with the sequential process would be helpful to drive the change in a significant way. Second, sponsorship roadmap, which focuses on three major components, such as proactive and visible participation, establishment of coalition of support with each level, and direct communication with the employees. Third is coaching plan, which takes places between the supervisor and the employees (Maielli 2015). If necessary, the supervisor will provide the proper coaching to the employees in order to make them adaptive towards change. Sergio Marchionne has been following this lever of change to help the managers. Fourth is the training plan that is an intervention of building capabilities and skills. The training process makes the employees more competent to cope with the upcoming changes. The final lever is resistance management plan that determines a natural reaction (Hornstein 2015). The resistance to change can be sometimes the obstacles for ensuring the successful change. At the initial stage of joining Fiat, Sergio Marchionne observed that the company was under the unprofitable management style. He even found out that the managers were much reluctant to perform their responsibilities and they were quite dependent on the decision of the CEO. After identifying the situation, he decided to communicate with the managers (Ameri and Awad 2016). He even recognized that the traditional career progression to senior management position is based on the engineering. He then decided to introduce the talent management to make the managers aware of their responsibilities. Ensuring the personal interest of the managers, he started engaging them towards the organizational functionalities. Even in case of Chrysler, it has been found that the company had undergone bankruptcy in the year of 2009. The changes in the management style, leadership attributes, and hierarchy level made him succeed in accomplishing the business goals in Chrysler (Navaretti, Ottaviano and Trent inaglia 2014). The change program failed due to the reluctant nature of the managers to take the responsibilities. They are much inclined towards the upward decisions of the CEO. However, identifying such issues, Sergio Marchionne started establishing the communication transparency and hired young engineers in Chrysler. It was noted that these people needed to provide the details to the upper management. In fact, Sergio Marchionne had paid attention on building the capacity of the workers by providing them the proper training and development session. Eventually, the management style and the work functionalities started changing (Bertoldi et al., 2015). It was quite difficult at the initial stage to manage the entire workforce with the whole new concept of leadership attributes and new management style. It has been observed that Sergio Marchionne has taken the soft approaches of communicating with the managers and the other supervisors to make the proactive move in their capacity building. They were invited to provide the unique ideas that can be beneficial for the company. On the other hand, the hard approach was to provide the proper training to the associated engineers (Krug, Wright and Kroll 2014). Sergio Marchionne did not have the proper experience in automobile industry. However, the movement he took to engage more young engineers and provide them the proper training was much commendable. Recommendations It is to be indicated that Sergio Marchionne is looking forward to earn more profit to the business. The change management planning is based on such objective. However, it is even important to ensure some of the major recommendation for the future success of the company. First, the Sergio Marchionne needs to reject the idea about the continuous expansion of the Jeep car of Chrysler in different countries. The continuous expansion affects the brand value in a significant way that may reduce the profit revenue of the company. Second, Sergio Marchionne should concentrate more on the strategic decision making process to ensure more profitability for the future. Accomplishing such goals would be much beneficial for the future prospects. Third, allocating the resources in a significant way is also much necessary. Paying attention to these recommendations would ensure more profitability in the future. Conclusion Sergio Marchionne, the efficient CEO recognized the ineffective management settings of Fiat and Chrysler. The CEO observed that the major reason behind such failure is the inefficient coordination between the managers and the employees. It was noticed that the managers were much dependent on the upward decision instead of performing their responsibilities. Sergio Marchionne arranged the talent management process to ensure the changes in the management style and leadership. Making the hard and soft approaches towards the change management aspect is considerably the effective initiatives for the betterment of the future of the company. However, it is also necessary to keep the focus on the change resistance that can be the major obstacles for the future prospects. References Ameri, A. and Awad, T.Z., 2016. The Roles of the Project Management Office In The Execution of the Organizations Strategic Plan. Bertoldi, B., Giachino, C., Bernard, S. and Prudenza, V., 2015. Fiat-Chrysler deal: looking for a good returns from M A.Journal of Business Strategy,36(4), pp.23-33. Hornstein, H.A., 2015. The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), pp.291-298. Krug, J.A., Wright, P. and Kroll, M.J., 2014. Top management turnover following mergers and acquisitions: solid research to date but still much to be learned.The Academy of Management Perspectives,28(2), pp.147-163.. Maielli, G., 2015. Explaining organizational paths through the concept of hegemony: Evidence from the Italian car industry. Navaretti, G.B., Ottaviano, G. and Trentinaglia, M.T., 2014.Fiat Chrysler and the future of industry(No. 434). Centre for Economic Performance, LSE. Vernizzi, S., Zanoni, A.B. and Russ, M., 2015. Strategic Inertia vs. Strategic Change: The Role of Human Capital in.Quantitative Multidisciplinary Approaches in Human Capital and Asset Management, p.123. Zanoni, A.B., Vernizzi, S. and D'anna, E.P., 2014. What about Strategic Options? Lessons from Fiat's Turnaround.International Journal of Business and Social Science,5(6).

Ted bundy1 Essay Example For Students

Ted bundy1 Essay Ted Bundy is one of the worst serial killers in history. His Antisocial personality and psychoticcharacter made him feared across the country. After all was said and done Ted left behind a trailof bloody slayings that included the deaths of 36 young women and spanned through four states. The biggest question in many people’s mind was how could someone as intelligent, highlyaccomplished, and praised as Bundy do such a thing?Theodore Robert Bundy was born November 24th, 1946 in Burlinton, Vermont. Hismother Eleanor Louise Cowell was 22 when she had him. Ted’s mom never told him muchabout his father except that he was in the armed forces and they had only dated a few times. Tedwas left in foster care for two months while his mom and parents decided what to do with him. In 1946 an illegitimate child was extremely looked down upon by society. Once they decided tokeep Ted his grandparents told everyone he was their adopted son. Ted knew who his biologicalmom was, but outsider s were told that she was his sister. Ted adored his grandfather, he was theonly man Ted really respected. His grandfather was also particularly fond of Ted. Ted would goon camping and fishing trips with his grandfather. Ted thought he was just a great guy, but thefamily thought different. They would describe his grandfather as an ill-tempered tyrant. He wasracist, intolerant, and a perfectionist. He expected everyone to meet his demands. Hisgrandfather was also verbally abusive toward other family members and physically abusivetoward his wife. He also physically mistreated animals including the family pet. Ted’sgrandmother suffered from depression. It got so bad that she was eventually treated withelectroshock therapy. She also suffered from agoraphobia and never left the house. Could thisbe the reason Ted turned out how he did?The older Ted got, the more it became more difficult to hide his family’s identity and hissecret mother. With this his mother moved to Washingt on, where she met and married JohnBundy. At the time Ted was four years old. He was adopted by John and his new parents hadfour children together. From the beginning Ted did well in school. His teachers complimentedhim on his good grades. Ted was active in Boy Scouts and attended church regularly. He alsoheld a part-time job and made excellent grades. Ted didn’t date much in high school and wasdescribed as being shy. It was around this time Ted began sneaking out of the house and peepinginto windows. He became a â€Å"Peeping Tom.† 1He reported as a child he had become fascinatedby sexual violence. He was warned about the effects of pornography and stated the it â€Å"brings outa hatred that is just too terrible to describe.†He also began shoplifting for expensive items andtold his mom that they were gifts. He was picked up at least twice by juvenile authorities forsuspicion of auto theft and burglary, but nothing came of it. We will write a custom essay on Ted bundy1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Ted participated in many respectable behaviors that helped make it so unbelievable toaccept his guiltiness. He caught a purse snatcher and was given a commendation from the policedepartment. He also saved a drowning toddler once by diving into a lake after him. Ted alsoworked for a suicide prevention hotline talking others out of killing themselves. He wroterape-prevention books and became active in politics gaining the attention of important, highlyknown people. Ted worked many low paying jobs to pay for college. He was a busboy at ahotel, a messenger, and clerks at various stores. He left most jobs after only a few months. Some employers said he was a good worker while others gave him less than favorableIt is likely that Ted killed his first victim while in his teens. A young schoolmatedisappeared at this time. He is said to have begun his serial killings in his late twenties in 1974. However many people believe that he started earlier than this. He is said to be the suspect inIn J anuary of 1974, an 18 year old student by the name Joni Lenz was found unconsciousin her bedroom. Ted had beaten her with a metal rod and then inserted it into her genitals. Jonisurvived but was in a coma for several months and had no memory of the event at all. A monthlater Ted had struck again. He had abducted and killed a 21 year old woman named, Lynda AnnHealy. Lynda didn’t show up for work or dinner that day friends and family started to worry. Healy’s parents immediately called the police. Soon after they found blood dripping from LyndaAnnn’s mattress. Police also found a night gown close to the bed with blood all over it. Herclothes and backpack from the night before were also missing. Where was Lynda Ann though?Investigators were puzzled there was no evidence whatsoever that would help lead them toLynda.Six weeks later, a 19 year old college student never arrived at a jazz concert she wasgoing to. The next month a freshman girl disappeared on the way to a movie. Two other womendisappeared over the next two months.Seven girls had vanished through out the states of Utah,Oregon and Washington, within the spring and summer of 1974. All the girls had strikingsimilarities, they were all thin white girls who had parted hair and were wearing slacks at theTed would use fake casts, splints, and crutches to get his victims to help him. He woulduse little things like how he needed help to carry his books or load up his car. In July 1974though, he was able to convince a Janet Ott to help him load a sailboat up at his parent’s house. A couple picnicking near by, remembered a handsome young man approaching Ott. From whatthe couple could hear, the man’s name was Ted. The girl was never seen again. That same dayhe abducted 18 year old Denise Naslund while at a park. Ted had now abducted two people inbroad daylight using his real name. People would not believe that a killer would actually use hisreal name. This lead the press to call t hese cases the â€Å"Ted† cases. In 1974 the first pieces ofbodies were slowly being found. The police began to discover the severity and scope of thekiller.By this time Ted had moved to Utah where he became a dormitory manager at theUniversity of Utah. Here in Utah he killed 16 year old Nancy Wilcox. Three weeks later hekilled 17 year old Melissa Smith. Melissa’s father was the Midvale, Utah’s, Police Chief. Mr. .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 , .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .postImageUrl , .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 , .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435:hover , .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435:visited , .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435:active { border:0!important; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435:active , .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The House on Mango Street: Seeking Independence EssaySmith would warn her about the dangers of the world, because of all the wrong he had seenthrough out his career. His worst nightmare came true on October 18 1974, when Melissadisappeared. Ted had killed at least 11 times in Utah and nearby Colorado. Police would soon get there break in the case. Ted would approach 18 year old CarolDaRonch. Ted told her that he had seen someone try to break into her car and he would reallylike it if she would go along with him to the parking lot to see if anything had been stolen. Carolassumed the man was mall security because he seemed so in control of the situation. When theygot to the car Carol told Ted that everything was there. Ted who had told Carol his name wasOfficer Roseland, was not satisfied and wanted to take her to police headquarters. He wantedher to file a complaint. When he led her to a Volkswagen bug, she became suspicious and askedfor identification. Ted pulled out a gold badge quickly and escorted her into the car. Ted droveoff in the opposite direction of the police station. After a short while of being in the car Tedtried to put handcuffs on Carol. Carol screamed and Ted pulled out a handgun and threatened tokill her. Carol soon found herself up against the car while Ted had a crowbar in his hand readyto strike her in the head. She kicked his genitals and managed to break free, she ran towards theroad and caught the attention of a couple, who drove her to the police station. Carol told themwhat happened and gave a description.2Her reports of the events including his attempted use ofhandcuffs and a crowbar would provide significant evidence leadi ng to Ted’s eventual arrest. Afew days later, off Carols coat a blood type was found. It was type O, the same as Ted Bundy’s,In August 1975 Ted was stopped for driving suspiciously. The car would be searchedand Ted was arrested. 3 At the time of arrest. A crowbar, ice pick, ski mask, mask of Bibliography:

Part 1 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987 introduced Essays

Part 1 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987 introduced Essays Part 1 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987 introduced Paper Part 1 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987 introduced Paper Introduction: In this essay, I shall get down with an scrutiny of the jurisprudence prior to 1stMarch 1988, when Part 1 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987 came into force in the Law of England and Wales, placing the grounds for the origin of the Act and the subsequent intents of this reform-legislation. I shall so discourse the content of the Act with peculiar focal point on its range ; i.e. who can action, who can be sued, and what sorts of amendss are recoverable under the statute law etc. Having made this appraisal, I shall so measure to what extent the 1987 Act has made a important impact on the jurisprudence refering to faulty merchandises, and the place of both consumers and makers in the UK, and hence to what extent I agree with the hypothesis offered that â€Å"the impact of the 1987 Act upon makers has been far less drastic than they ab initio feared.† I shall reason this essay by critically measuring Part 1 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987, and asseverating to what extent I believe the Act has been successful in accomplishing its purposes. The place prior to the Consumer Protection Act 1987: Prior to the origin of the Consumer Protection Act 1987, the jurisprudence refering to liability for faulty merchandises was grounded in common jurisprudence, with makers liability being established for the first clip in the UK by the instance of Donoghue v Stevenson [ 1 ] , and the Sale of Goods Act 1979, s13, 14 and 15 of which imply certain footings into Sale contracts refering to a seller’s duties to sell merchandises which are fit for their intent and of satisfactory quality, failure to make so ensuing in contractual liability and awards of amendss for any losingss suffered as a consequence of such breach [ 2 ] , including those originating from harm to belongings, and more significantly, amendss for any resulting personal hurt [ 3 ] . This rigorous contractual liability for faulty merchandises meant that, in instances where a Claimant wished to action a merchandiser [ 4 ] for losingss originating from faulty merchandises sold, the function of Tort jurisprudence remained instead excess, claimants merely trusting on such an avenue where the marketer in inquiry had later become bankrupt, where they wished to trust on the longer restriction periods stipulated for claims of this sort, or where the claimant was in fact non a party to the sale contract, and as such was non, by virtuousness of the rule of contractual privity, entitled to action under the Sale of Goods Act 1979. In contrast, where a Claimant wished to action a maker for losingss originating from faulty merchandises sold by an intermediary seller, the lone possible avenue available would be line of instance jurisprudence routing from the instance of D v S. Such liability was fault-based in signifier, instead than being rigorous, and as such was deemed to be out of line with the bing jurisprudence in this country. Such calls for reform are non surprising if one considers the fact that the UK was, at this clip, in the thick of a by and large consumer-driven economic market, concerned with consumer protection and the inequalities which had been identified as bing between the consumer and the corporation, and a society preoccupied with rectifying this instability. At least four major reform proposals were put frontward between 1976 and 1985 ; viz. , the Strasbourg Convention [ 5 ] , the Recommendations of the Scottish and English Law Commissions [ 6 ] , the study of the Pearson Commission [ 7 ] a nd the EEC Directive 85/374/EEC. Arguably, it was preponderantly the latter of these paperss, which compelled the legislative to take reform of makers merchandise liability earnestly, and two old ages subsequently, in 1987 [ 8 ] , the Consumer Protection Act was born, Part 1 of which purports to supply consumers with statutory rigorous liability protection from makers who make faulty merchandises for retail in the UK market place ; this provides such consumers with an alternate class of action from the fault-based liability established by the instance of Donoghue v Stevenson in the civil wrong of carelessness. Before we begin to see how successful this Act was in accomplishing its purposes and what impact this piece of statute law has had on consumers and makers likewise, allow us foremost analyze the commissariats of the Act in some item: Part 1 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987 ; presenting strict tortious liability for faulty merchandises in the United kingdom: There are several facets of the statute law which we must turn to in order to determine its range. These are as follows: 1 ] Who can be apt under the Act? 2 ] What merchandises are covered by the Act? 3 ] Who can action under the Act? 4 ] What kind of harm is protected against by the Act? 5 ] What defense mechanisms are available to a qualified suspect, if any? 6 ] Can liability be excluded so that this Act has no impact on manufacturers/ manufacturers? Let us turn to each of these inquiries in bend: 1 ] Who can be apt under the Act? Part 1 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987 is designed to enforce liability on the manufacturer/ assembly program of a merchandise, and non on the provider, after all, there is already rigorous liability for such retail merchants under the implied footings of the Sale of Goods Act 1979. S2 ( 2 ) of the Act lists three classs of maker who may be apt under Part 1 of the Act. The first of these is the manufacturer of the merchandise, and ‘producer’ is defined under s1 ( 2 ) of the Act as: â€Å" ( a ) the individual who manufactured it ; ( B ) in the instance of a substance which has non been manufactured but has been won or abstracted, the individual who won or abstracted it ; ( degree Celsius ) in the instance of a merchandise which has non been manufactured, won or abstracted but indispensable features of which are attributable to an industrial or other procedure holding been carried out ( for illustration in relation to agricultural green goods ) , the individual who carried out that process.† Whilst this class seems pretty self-explanatory, it should be noted that where a merchandise causes harm due to a defect in a component portion of that merchandise, both the manufacturer of that constituent, and besides the manufacturer of the merchandise incorporating that constituent will be to the full apt for such harm under this Act. The consumer can take which individual to action, or can action both parties, although, by virtuousness of the philosophy of contributory carelessness, the entire amendss awarded will non transcend the value which would hold been awarded had merely one party been sued for the faulty merchandise, i.e. each manufacturer will pay a part of the amendss, the proportions of the several parts to be determined by the tribunal in conformity with the Civil Liability ( Contributions ) Act 1978. The 2nd class of individual who can be found apt under s2 ( 2 ) of Part1 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987 is the â€Å"own brander [ 9 ] .† The Act defines such a individual as: â€Å"any individual who by seting his name on the merchandise or utilizing a trade grade or other separating grade in relation to the merchandise, has held himself out to be the manufacturer of that product.† It should be noted that this description is really similar to the diction contained in the EEC Directive 85/374/EEC [ 10 ] . The range of this class if suspect is non every bit broad as it may at first appear to be ; after all, for a provider to keep themselves out as the manufacturer of their points, the labelling must do the consumer really believe that it was the provider themselves who manufactured the merchandise and who would believe, for illustration, that the St Michael trade name of Marks A ; Spencer’s really produces the goods themselves, instead than undertaking a production company to make so on their behalf? Likewise, where a product-label provinces that the merchandise has been ‘manufactured for’ the company, or has been ‘selected by the company’ , this must needfully prevent the company from coming under the definition as contained in s2 ( 2 ) ( B ) of the Act, and besides hence from being sued under Part 1 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987. The 3rd class of suspect contained within s2 ( 2 ) of Part 1 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987, is the provider who has imported a merchandise from exterior of the European Union ; by virtuousness of s2 ( 2 ) ( degree Celsius ) that importer will be apt for any losingss ensuing from any defects in that merchandise [ 11 ] . I stated above that ‘S2 ( 2 ) of the Act lists three classs of maker who may be apt under Part 1 of the Act’ , and besides that ‘Part 1 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987 is designed to enforce liability on the manufacturer/ assembly program of a merchandise, and non on the supplier.’ It should be noted that there is a 4th class of possible suspects contained in s2 ( 3 ) of the Act, and this is a provider who, holding been approached by a consumer and asked to place the manufacturer of a merchandise which has been purchased by that consumer from that provider, has declined to supply such information, or has failed to make so within a sensible clip. Such a provider will be held apt as if he were the manufacturer. Whilst this seems contrary to any old impressions of tortious liability, this proviso is indispensable to the smooth operation of s2 ( 2 ) and Part 1 of the Act in general ; if the consumer is unable to happen the individuality of the manufacturer, he would be unable to action for any defects. If it is the provider who has prevented the individuality of the manufacturer from being disclosed, so it seems merely just that the provider should be punished for interfering in the operation of this Act, and held apt. In pattern, all this subdivision will make is to guarantee that providers are prompt in their response to petitions from consumers sing the designation of the manufacturer in inquiry and besides more efficient in the maintaining of correct records refering to the makers of their goods, and as such, my old statements that ‘S2 ( 2 ) of the Act liststhreeclasss of maker who may be apt under Part 1 of the Act’ , and besides that ‘Part 1 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987 is designed to enforce liability on the manufacturer/ assembly program of a merchandise, andnon on the provider, ’ should still be considered to be a well right description of the current jurisprudence. 2 ] What merchandises are covered by the Act? S1 ( 2 ) of the Act states that the type of merchandise which is covered under this statute law is â€Å"any goods or electricity, † goods being farther defined in s45 ( 1 ) of the Act as including â€Å"any substances [ including blood it would look [ 12 ] ] , turning harvests, and things comprised in land by virtuousness of being attached to it and any ship, aircraft or vehicle.† It would therefore look that a defect in a constituent of a edifice would ensue in the manufacturer of that constituent being apt for the attendant prostration of that edifice, whereas a builder would non be apt under this peculiar Act for defects in the edifice itself caused by his cheapjack craft. This latter averment is supported, if merely in consequence, by ss4 ( 1 ) ( B ) , 46 ( 3 ) and 46 ( 4 ) of the Act. In relation to information, it would look that information couldn’t signifier the capable affair of a claim under this piece of statute law, even though such information may be touchable in signifier [ e.g. a book ] [ 13 ] . An exclusion to this might be package ; the line between package and hardware being really hard to pull sanely ; for illustration, a modem can be package or hardware based ; if a maker of a hardware modem could be apt under this Act, so certainly so excessively could a manufacturer of the package version which performs precisely the same map. 3 ] Who can action under the Act? Any individual can action as consumer under this Act if they have suffered any losingss as a consequence of a faulty merchandise. It is irrelevant whether or non the goods were really purchased by the claimant ; as the Act provinces, consumer includes â€Å"anyone injured by the goods or anyone whose belongings was damaged as a consequence of the defect.† 4 ] What kind of harm is protected against by the Act? There is no limitation on the sum of amendss capable of being sought for decease or personal hurt, as distinguishable from the European Directive, which imposes a bound of 70 million euros. Such a limitation in UK jurisprudence would be impractical. Sing amendss for losingss fluxing from belongings harm nevertheless, there are several restrictions which operate under this Act ; s5 ( 2 ) of the Act stipulates that no losingss from any harm caused to the faulty merchandise can be sought under this Act, nor from any harm caused to any accoutrement which was supplied with the merchandise. Under s5 ( 4 ) of the Act, no liability arises under this Act unless the amendss ( apart from involvement ) would be at least ?275. There does non look to be a convincing principle for this arbitrary figure, other than that it represents an sum below which most judicial proceeding canvassers in the UK would non urge shiping on a jurisprudence suit. Finally, s5 ( 3 ) of the Act precludes liability for am endss ensuing from a merchandise which is non ‘ordinarily intended for private usage or is non chiefly so intended by the claimant. Obviously there must besides be a defect in the merchandise for liability to originate, desert holding been defined in Section 3 of Part 1 of the Act as being present where â€Å"the safety of the merchandise is non such as individuals by and large are entitled to expect.† The fortunes that should be taken into history by the tribunal when finding whether or non this definition has been satisfied include ( a ) the mode in which, and the intents for which, the merchandise has been marketed, its get-up, the usage of any grade in relation to the merchandise and any instructions for, or warnings with regard to, making or forbearing from making anything in relation to the merchandise ; ( B ) what might be moderately expected to be done with or in relation to the merchandise, and ; ( degree Celsius ) the clip when the merchandise was supplied by its manufacturer to another ; and nil shall necessitate a defect to be inferred from the fact entirely that the safety of a merchandise whi ch is supplied after that clip is greater than the safety of the merchandise in inquiry. [ 14 ] † In pattern, this criterion will be set by the tribunals, and does non depend upon public sentiment ; after all, in a litigious society, public outlook may be excessively high. For non-standard merchandises, i.e. those which are non in the signifier as intended by the maker, all the Claimant must turn out is that the merchandise was non-standard, and that the non-standard characteristic of the merchandise in inquiry was unsafe and responsible for the harm suffered. For standard merchandises, built-in dangers, such as the crisp borders of a cooking knife merchandise, should merely be protected against in so far as is sensible to make so in visible radiation of the grade of benefit enjoyed by the merchandise, i.e. would the benefit of holding a cheaper merchandise without the safety guard outweigh the benefit of holding greater safety at an increased monetary value to the consumer. Again, this value-judgement will be decided by the tribunals on a individual footing, and no preparation is offered by the Act to assist do this deliberation, and the ground for this is the frequently unquantifiable nature of the benefits involved in such hazard appraisals. Where hazards are non obvious to a consumer, so a standard merchandise may be deemed faulty on the simple fact that the maker did non supply a warning or instructions on proper usage of the merchandise. Again, there is no statutory guideline as to what grade of item in such instructions/warnings are indispensable, but a maker should mistake on the side of action to avoid liability for faulty criterion merchandises on this land. 5 ] What defense mechanisms are available to a qualified suspect, if any? S4 ( 2 ) of the Act states that if the Defendant manufacturer can turn out that â€Å"the province of scientific and proficient cognition at the relevant clip was non such that a manufacturer of merchandises of the same description of the merchandise in inquiry might be expected to hold discovered the defect if it had existed in his merchandises while they were under his control.† The logical thinking behind this defense mechanism is clear ; it would wrong in both rule and pattern for concerns to be held apt for defects that they could non perchance have foreseen [ 15 ] . In the instance of A 5 National Blood Authority [ 16 ] it was clarified that this defense mechanism will merely use â€Å"if there is no cognition of the being of the hazard in a generic sense, and one time this cognition has been acquired, the maker produces at his ain hazard, even if it is impossible to place the person, non-standard merchandises in which that hazard is present.† Other defense mechanisms available for a Defendant include where the defect in inquiry was in fact a demand by jurisprudence [ 17 ] [ e.g. where the jurisprudence requires a constituent to be present, but the really presence of that constituent has lead to the merchandise being rendered faulty ] , where the Defendant did non provide the merchandise to anyone [ 18 ] [ i.e. the merchandise had neer been distributed amongst the public ] , where the merchandise in inquiry was supplied non-commercially [ 19 ] [ e.g. the provider of a bar to a party would non be apt for defects in that bar ] , where the defect did non be in the merchandise at the clip of circulation [ 20 ] [ e.g. defects that have arisen from sensible wear and tear of the merchandise ] and that ( vitamin E ) â€Å"the defect ( I ) constituted a defect in a merchandise ( ‘the subsequent product’ ) in which the merchandise in inquiry had been comprised AND ( two ) was entirely attributable to the design of the subsequent merchandise or to compliance by the manufacturer of the merchandise in inquiry with instructions given by the manufacturer of the subsequent product.† 6 ] Exclusion of Liability: Can liability be excluded so that this Act has no impact on manufacturers/ manufacturers? Section 7 of the Act invalidates any efforts by a maker or manufacturer to restrict or except their liability â€Å"by any contract term, by any notice or by any other provision.† This does non nevertheless preclude manufacturers and assembly programs apportioning hazard of liability amongst them. Inferences and decisions: My illations and decisions shall be provided in response to the undermentioned inquiries: A ] To what extent has the 1987 Act made a important impact on the jurisprudence refering to defective merchandises? B ] To what extent has the 1987 Act made a important impact on the place of both consumers and makers in the UK? C ] To what extent is the undermentioned statement correct? â€Å"The impact of the 1987 Act upon makers has been far less drastic than they ab initio feared.† D ] To what extent has Part 1 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987 been successful in accomplishing its purposes? Let us near each of these inquiries in bend: A ] To what extent has the 1987 Act made a important impact on the jurisprudence refering to defective merchandises? In theory, Part 1 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987 is one of the most of import reforms made to the jurisprudence of civil wrong in England and Wales. It purports to enforce rigorous non-fault based liability on manufacturers of faulty merchandises in line with the European Directive on Consumer Protection ( 1985 ) . In pattern nevertheless, we have seen that many defense mechanisms are available to such a manufacturer, defense mechanisms which in topographic points seem to re-impose a cogent evidence of mistake demand of a Claimant under this Act. For illustration, the defense mechanism contained in s4 ( 2 ) requires the Claimant to turn out that the manufacturer should hold known about the defect and the harm that it would do in visible radiation of the scientific cognition available to him at the clip of production. This seems more like standard civil wrong of carelessness cogent evidence demands instead than rigorous liability. I would reason that the impact on the jurisprudence is non every bit important as one might, prima facie, believe. The ‘strict’ liability, by virtuousness of the defense mechanisms available, no that far removed from the mistake demands of traditional civil wrong jurisprudence. B ] To what extent has the 1987 Act made a important impact on the place of both consumers and makers in the UK? In visible radiation of my decisions above, I would reason that so far the impact of this statute law of consumers and makers is non peculiarly important ; the responsibilities on the manufacturers of merchandises have non been well increased if one takes into history the ‘no-fault’ based nature of the available defense mechanisms in s4 of the Act. C ] To what extent is the undermentioned statement correct? â€Å"The imtreaty of the 1987 Act upon makers has been far less drastic than they ab initio feared.† In visible radiation of my decisions above, I would hence hold to reason that I agree with the above statement. D ] To what extent has Part 1 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987 been successful in accomplishing its purposes? I believe that there is grounds to propose that the lone purpose of this statute law was to convey UK jurisprudence in line with the demands of the 1985 European Directive of Consumer Protection. With this in head, the purpose has been satisfied. The UK legislative antecedently refused three reform proposals bespeaking a rigorous liability attack to this country of jurisprudence, viz. , the Strasbourg Convention [ 21 ] , the Recommendations of the Scottish and English Law Commissions [ 22 ] and the study of the Pearson Commission [ 23 ] , and merely changed the jurisprudence when ordered to by the EEC Directive. I think this groundss my above proposition, as does the reading of the Directive to integrate as many of the permitted/discretionary defense mechanisms available as possible, guaranting that our civil wrong jurisprudence is non radically changed by this new piece of statute law. If the purpose of the Act was to make rigorous liability, so it has failed. If the purpose was to follow with the European Directive 85/374/EEC in a manner that would non alter our preexistent civil wrong jurisprudence into something where makers would be held apt for things beyond their sensible control, so I feel the UK legislative has achieved this purpose laudably. It is the latter of the two decisions with which I shall agree. Bibliography: Prashant, P. Defects and the CPA 1987 New Law Journal 1st December 2000. Freeman, R. Strict liability Torahs Consumer protection Act commissariats fail to help claimants in three recent instances. J.P.I.L. 2001. 1.26-36. ( Westlaw ) Gilker, P. Strict Liability for faulty Merchandises: The Ongoing Argument Business Law Review Vol 24 No4 April 2003. Winfield and Jolowicz on Tort ( 16ThursdayEdition, Sweet A ; Maxwell ) 2002 European Convention on Product Liability in Regard to Personal Injury and Death, Dir Jun ( 76 ) 5 Simon Whittaker â€Å"European Product Liability and Intellectual Products.† ( 1989 ) 105 L.Q.R. 125 DTI’s Consultative Document on the Directive 1

Fahrenheit 451 Summary

Fahrenheit 451 Summary Ray Bradbury’s 1953 novel Fahrenheit 451 is set in a dystopian society that burns books in order to control dangerous ideas and unhappy concepts. The novel tells the story of Guy Montag, a fireman who questions the book-burning policy and undergoes extraordinary suffering and transformation as a result. Part 1: The Hearth and the Salamander When the novel begins, fireman Guy Montag is burning a hidden collection of books. He enjoys the experience; it is a pleasure to burn. After finishing his shift, he leaves the firehouse and goes home. On the way he meets a neighbor, a young girl named Clarisse McClellan. Clarisse tells Montag that she is crazy and she asks Montag many questions. After they part, Montag finds himself disturbed by the encounter. Clarisse has forced him to think about his life instead of simply offering superficial responses to her questions. At home, Montag discovers his wife, Mildred, unconscious from an overdose of sleeping pills. Montag calls for help and two technicians arrive to pump Mildreds stomach and perform a blood transfusion. They tell Montag that they no longer send doctors because there are so many overdoses. The next day, Mildred claims to have no memory of the overdose, believing she went to a wild party and woke up hungover. Montag is disturbed by her cheer and her inability to engage with what happened. Montag continues to meet Clarisse almost every night for talks. Clarisse tells him that she is sent to therapy because she does not enjoy the normal activities of life and prefers to be outside and to have conversations. Some weeks later Clarisse suddenly stops meeting him, and Montag is saddened and alarmed. The firemen are called to a book hoarder’s house. An old woman refuses to give up her library, and the firemen break in and begin to tear the house apart. In the chaos, Montag steals a copy of the Bible on impulse. The old woman then shocks him by setting herself and her books on fire. Montag goes home and attempts to engage Mildred in conversation, but his wife’s mind has regressed and she is incapable of even simple thoughts. He asks her what happened to Clarisse and she is able to tell him that the girl was hit by a car and killed a few days prior. Montag tries to sleep but imagines a Hound (a robotic assistant to the firemen) prowling around outside. The next morning, Montag suggests he might need a break from his work, and Mildred panics over the thought of not being able to afford their home and the large wall-sized televisions that provide her parlor wall family. Hearing of Montag’s crisis, Montag’s boss, Captain Beatty, explains the origin of the book-burning policy: because of shortening attention spans and increased protest against various books content, the society decided to voluntarily dispense of all books in order to prevent future trouble. Beatty suspects Montag has stolen a book, and tells Montag that a fireman who has stolen a book is usually given 24 hours to burn it. After that, the rest of the firemen will come and burn down his house. After Beatty leaves, Montag reveals to a horrified Mildred that he has been stealing books for a while, and has several hidden away. She attempts to burn them, but he stops her and says they will read the books and decide if they have any value. If not, he promises to burn them. Part 2: The Sieve and the Sand Montag hears the Hound outside the house, but tries to force Mildred to consider the books. She refuses, angry at being forced to think. Montag tells her that something is wrong with the world, that no one is paying attention to the bombers overhead that threaten nuclear war, and he suspects books might contain information that could help fix it. Mildred becomes angry, but soon gets distracted when her friend Mrs. Bowles calls to arrange a television viewing party. Frustrated, Montag telephones a man he’d met many years before: a former English professor named Faber. He wants to ask Faber about books, but Faber hangs up on him. Montag goes to Faber’s house via subway, taking the Bible with him; he attempts to read it but is constantly distracted and overwhelmed by the advertising being played incessantly. Faber, an old man, is suspicious and afraid. He initially refuses to help Montag in his quest for knowledge, so Montag begins to rip pages from the Bible, destroying the book. This act horrifies Faber and he finally agrees to help, giving Montag an earpiece so that Faber can guide him verbally from a distance. Montag returns home and interrupts Mildreds viewing party, turning off the parlor wall screens. He tries to engage Mildred and their guests in conversation, but they are revealed to be thoughtless and callous people who don’t even care for their own children. Disgusted, Montag begins reading from a book of poetry despite Faber’s pleas in his ear. Mildred tells her friends that this is something firemen do once a year to remind everyone how terrible books and the past were. The party breaks up, and Faber insists that Montag burn the poetry book to avoid arrest. Montag buries the rest of his book collection and takes the bible to the firehouse, handing it to Beatty. Beatty informs him that he himself was once a book-lover, but he realized that none of the knowledge in books was of any real use. A call comes in for the firemen and they climb onto the truck and race to the destination: Montag’s house. Part 3: Burning Bright Beatty tells Montag that his wife and her friends reported him. Mildred leaves the house in a daze and gets into a taxi without a word. Montag does as ordered and burns his own house down, but when Beatty discovers the earpiece and threatens to kill Faber, Montag burns him to death and attacks his fellow firemen. The Hound attacks him and injects tranquilizers into his leg before he can burn it as well. As he limps away he wonders if Beatty had wanted to die, and set up Montag to kill him. At Faber’s house, the old man urges Montag to flee into the wilderness and make contact with the Drifters, a group of people who have escaped society. They see another Hound being released on television. Montag meets the drifters, who are led by a man named Granger. Granger tells him that the authorities will fake Montag’s capture rather than admit to any flaw in their control, and sure enough, they watch on a portable television as a another man is identified as Montag and executed. The Drifters are former intellectuals, and they have each memorized at least one book with the intention of carrying its knowledge into the future. As Montag studies with them, bombers fly overhead and drop nuclear bombs on the city. The Drifters are far enough away to survive. The next day, Granger tells them about the legendary Phoenix that rose from the ashes, and muses that humans can do the same, except with the knowledge of their own mistakes to guide them. The group then begins walking towards the city to help rebuild society with their memorized wisdom.

Oral Business Report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oral Business Report - Case Study Example It produces a variety of dairy consumer products which are divided into four categories, namely: milk, cheese, butter & spreads, and cream. (Devondale, not dated) Devondale has been very particular about the consumers' demand and satisfying it. It also keeps track of the trends in the market and consumers' lifestyles through efficient market research. These researches help Devondale in transforming consumers' requests into finished products that are profitable for the business. Significant proportion of Australia's population is working and it is not easy for working people to arrange full meals in a limited period of time. People are also much more aware and conscious about health and nutritious food. Devondale used these finding to its advantage and came up with a range of low-fat products that were very appealing to the Australian consumers. (Devondale, not dated) Devondale's promotion slogan says "Wholly Australian". These slogans have a certain psychological effect on the consumers as a lot of times people buy products on the basis of the country of origin. These four TV advertisements and a magazine advertisement are going to help us understand the kind of impression that Devondale has been able to create as a brand and how it has become a market leader. Devondale's long life cream ad shows the di

Research methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research methodology - Essay Example It will be argued in the following that this is the guiding thread for his critique of religion. His critique of religion, it will be argued is a critique of metaphysics. His aim in the critique is to refute the idea that history is marked by spiritual progress, and in turn, replace this with a progress defined by a 'class struggle', and in particular, the material relations surrounding the means of production. Thus, the relationship between his critique of religion and his political economy, is the replacement of spiritual progress with that of the class struggle. Concerning the issue of research methodology, the following analysis will pay careful attention to what is employed by Marx. His approach on this issue, includes textual interpretation. That is, he provides analysis of key texts like the philosopher, Georg Hegel. Second, his methodology in the following is historical interpretation. In particular, he focuses on economic history but also social history. â€Å"The German Id eology† is his most decisive criticism of religion. ... Thus, the reformation can be regarded as a change of consciousness that emancipates the individual consciousness from the determination of the consciousness by the church. In turn, this change of consciousness or of thinking, helps to shape and change history itself. By contrast, Marx outlines the material conditions which determine the social relations manifest in any given culture, and further, these material conditions are the cause of forms of consciousness. Consciousness in this sense, includes also the various forms of belief systems which religion consists of. He describes the ‘priority’ of material conditions against consciousness as a determinant for human behavior and of politics, therefore, in the following: â€Å"Men distinguish themselves by consciousness, by religion or anything else you like . . . they . . . distinguish themselves from animals as soon as they begin to produce their means of subsistence . . . by producing their means of subsistence men are indirectly producing their actual material life† [Marx, 1997: 341]. Marx's critique of Hegel is central to his critique of religion. It will therefore require some analysis to demonstrate Marx's 'materialistic' interpretation of history over and against Hegel's spiritual reading of history. Marx views Hegel's philosophy, along with religion, as essentially a â€Å"mystical† position [Marx, 1970, p. 27]. By ‘mystical’, it is implied in terms of an argument which is beyond the bounds of reason, and by ‘reason’, it is implied in the material or physical sense of the term. Or, it is implied in terms of something which can be verified empirically or through sense experience. In other words, and in keeping with what was said above, it can be said that the person which Hegel is describing is

Kite Runner Essay Essay Example for Free

Kite Runner Essay Essay Betrayal lingers like a curse, haunting its way into consciousness, injecting its poison of despair and loneliness. The action of Betraying is mostly associated with hate. However, there are some exceptions. Betrayal is not always done by evil people neither it is necessarily a closed end to a strong relationship between individuals. In khaled Hosseini’s novel The kite Runner, it is illustrated through character and setting the situations where betrayers were put under hard situations which causes them to commit actions that oppose their ethics. The goodness that exists in betrayers’ hearts in this novel indicates how everything can be betrayed, but hate could still be replaced by love. In the novel, the relationship status between individuals and the situations involved the betrayal were illustrated through character. Even though Baba betrayed his friend Ali when he slept with his wife, the relationship between Baba and Ali stayed the same due to Baba’s morality and love for his childhood friend. This is indicated when Baba said â€Å"He is staying here with us, where he belongs. This is his home and we are his family. †(Page 95). Throughout the novel, Baba is portrayed as generous, kind and loyal person. However, his betrayal to Ali created an oxymoron between his loyalty and betrayal. Despite his treachery to Ali, Baba’s morals continued to be alive and his love for Ali continued to be brotherly . In other words, the betrayal did not end the strong relation ship that was built between Ali and Baba throughout the years. This is because the actions committed by Baba don not reveal to his evilness or hate to Ali. It was the human desire that conquered his mind and led him to perform a disloyal action and a mistake that he paid the price for. Baba believed that there is always a chance for redemption and forgiveness as long is there is an existence of conscience. That is why he treated Ali as part of the family and insisted to have them living by him forever to prove that betrayal is not the death of loyalty. Also, Hassan’s reaction toward Amir’s betrayal shows that friendship and love beat betrayal and protects a strong relationship from collapse. Hassan demonstrates this when he confessed that he stole even though he did not as Baba asks â€Å"Did you steal that money and Amir’s watch† â€Å"Yes† Hassan replied. (page111). The heavy blow of betrayal was when Amir planted a watch and money in Hassans mattress to drive him away from his home. This was very harsh for Hassan but his innocence, devotion and sweet heart caused him to prevent the erasing of beautiful memories between two intimate friends. That is why he decided to admit something that he didn’t carry out. This proves the disloyalty is not the end of a strong relationship since Hassan kept respecting and loving Amir after he was betrayed by him. Furthermore, Amir’s betrayal to Hassan is not the result of Amir’s evilness or hate for Hassan, but it is the outcome of Amir’s felling of guiltiness. Therefore, the characters and in this novel changed the common idea that suggests how betrayal is done by sinful people which as result leaves the relationship in disappear. The novelist emphasizes the factors that cause people to betray each other despite their goodness though the setting. The story takes place in Afghanistan where Hazaras were persecuted which led Baba to betray both of Amir and Hassan by hiding the truth regarding their brotherhood. The suffering of Hazaras in Afghanistan is mentioned at the beginning in the book when the novelist said â€Å"Pashtuns had quelled Hazaras with unspeakable violence. †(page9). This quote indicates that anything associated with Hazaras was treated cruelly and forbidden in Afghanistan. That is why Baba could not admit that Hassan the Hazara is his son. If he told the truth, many conflicts could have developed and fanatical people in Afghanistan could have harmed Hassan. Baba’s conscience made him remember everyday that the biggest sin he has done is hiding the truth from people who have the right to know that truth. This indicates that Baba’s lie does not refer to his evilness, but it indicates his consciousness of the place he was surrounded in. In Afghanistan, blood at that time was everywhere and death of Hazaras was everyday’s scene. Amir became very upset after finding the truth. Nevertheless, the betrayal caused by Baba did not lead Amir to hate his father, but he tried to seek reasons for why his dad has done that. Moreover, the miserable and most exclusive betrayal of Hassan in the novel done by Amir signifies how even if the betrayal destroys the victim, the betrayer might not be evil and the victim could still have no hate for the betrayer. This is shown when Amir said â€Å"Everywhere I turned, I saw signs of his loyalty, his goddamn unwavering loyalty† (page 94). Amir watched Hassan becoming raped by Assef and does nothing to stop it. This is the biggest betrayal in the novel that left both Amir and Hassan in the dark side. However, the location of the raping scene greatly contributes to the betrayal’s status. The raping scene was set up in a place where only Asssef and his friends were standing in the alley at the time of sunset while they were abusing Hassan. The terrifying setting of the scene led Amir to be afraid that if he steps in, they would harm him. So, Amir decided to escape and betray Hassan by leaving him alone facing the disaster. Even thought it was a horrible betrayal, this does not point out to Amir’s evilness or hate . It is the setting that influenced Amir’s reaction. Besides, the betrayal was not the end of their friendship. Hassan kept being loyal until the last minute, and his loyalty was seen everywhere in Amir’s eyes even after the raping event. Redemption and fogginess were the keys of the continuous brotherly love between Amir and Hassan. In summary, it is evident that the places events occur in could be the reason for actions that oppose the individuals’ goodness. In conclusion, the novel The kite Runner incorporates Character and setting to prove that for every betrayal there is a cause, and every betrayer has reasons for their actions. The novelist conveys that betrayal must not be categorized under antipathy. The end of the novel indicates that redemption could solve the problem no matter how complicated it is. Anything may be betrayed, anyone may be forgiven, but not those who lack the courage of their own greatness. Strong relationship and love can solve any problem. There is no love without forgiveness, and there is no forgiveness without love. Therefore, disloyalty is not the path toward hate.

Malcolm X :: biographies, racism

Malcom X All men are created equal. This statement was the basis of the civil right movements of the 1960's. Malcom X is a man that promoted a society in which all human beings were equally respected. He believes that blacks should achieve that goal by any means necessary. In a time when blacks were not allowed to sit in the front of the bus, using the same bathroom, or were not admitted to Universities. Malcom X's cry of justice was believed to be the voice of all blacks behind closed doors. Malcom Little grew up as poor and did not have much parental support. His father was run over by a street car when he was six. Soon after his father's death, his mother was put in a mental hospital. He grew up in East Lansing and Boston. He was a pimp, a hustler, drug user, and a drug dealer. He worked in the Harlem underworld and was almost killed by his boss after he betrayed him. Malcom turned to robbery and was caught by the police and sentenced to 10 years of hard labor. While in jail, he w as introduced to the Nation of Islam, a Black Muslim group, and changed his name to Malcom X. The X replaced the slave name that was given by the white masters and stands for the his real name that he never knew. After his release from prison he started preaching for the Nation of Islam (NOI). His preaching was known for its hatred overtone. He describes America as a house with a "bomb" inside and it is about to explode. Unless the white people want the house to explode and kill everyone inside, they should take the bomb out and give it a house of their own. His speeches were very popular among angry blacks and he was frequently on the front page of the newspaper. It was rumored that other Nation of Islam members were jealous about his popularity and worried about the power he was gaining. After the JFK assassination, Malcom stated: "President Kennedy never foresaw that the chickens would come home to roost so soon... Being an old farm boy myself, chickens coming home to roost never did make me sad; they always made me glad." After many death calls from irritated Whites, The Nation of Islam started to distance themselves from Malcom.

Critical Success Factors of Mobile Telephony Companies

CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS OF THE MOBILE TELEPHONY COMPANIES OPERATING IN THE EASTERN REGION BY : AMARTYA DHAR(08BS0000240) ICFAI BUSINESS SCHOOL 10. 12. 09 CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS OF MOBILE TELEPHONY COMPANIES OPERATING IN THE EASTERN REGION SUBMITTED BY : AMARTYA DHAR(08BS0000240) SUBMITTED TO :PROF BHASKAR BASU 2 ABSTRACT: India, the world’s fastest-growing mobile services market, has added a record 16. 02 million new wireless subscribers in March 2009, which are the highest ever additions in a single month till now. As the country continues to add around 10-11 million new connections each month, the target of 500 million telephone subscribers by 2010 is expected to be met in advance. 3 INTRODUCTION: The Indian mobile telephony industry is highly competitive with increasing number of players the companies are on the lookout for factors differentiating their service from the competitors. When a business takes a product to market, whether it is a basic product like corn or a highly engineered offering like the digital camera the company must make the product itself compelling (Frances X. Frei HBR April 2008). With price cuts and attractive rental schemes being offered by each and every service provider the two above mentioned factors are no longer the factors which can guarantee a large consumer base . That is why the mobile telephony companies are continuously on the lookout for factors which can give them a competitive edge. This project is an effort to find out the critical success factors which are necessary for the success of a mobile telephony company in the present scenario. The data have been collected through secondary research , primary research with the help of questionnaires was also done. CURRENT INDIAN TELECOM SECTOR SCENARIO: India’s telecom sector has made rapid progress since the announcement of the National Telecom Policy – 1999 (NTP-1999). Since 2000, the telecom sector has been a key contributor to the Indian economy’s impressive performance registering sustained high growth rates. Predominantly, over the last three years, the telecom sector has gr own remarkably in the range of 29% – 47%. Growth in mobile phones was the principal driver for telecom growth in the country as they have been in other parts of the world. Currently, India continues to be one of the fastest growing telecommunication markets in the world. A progressive regulatory regime, network expansion by operators, reduction in tariffs and cost of handsets, which essentially make the service affordable for the common users, all acted as demand booster to the growth of the telecom sector. Growth of the Telecom Sector in India: Year (End March) 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Mobile Fixed Total Additions (during calendar year) 21. 84 (28. 5) 41. 96 (42. 4) 65. 54 (46. 7) 94. 65 (46. 0) 129. 21 (43. 0) 35. 61 56. 5 98. 78 165. 11 261. 09 391. 76 40. 92 41. 42 41. 54 40. 75 39. 42 37. 96 76. 53 98. 37 140. 32 205. 86 300. 51 429. 72 5 The mobile sector has grown from around 10 million subscribers in 2002 to around 35. 61million in 2003-04. The year 2004 was a watershed year for the fixed-line services in India, as mobile subscribers outnumbered fixed phone subscribers. In October 2004, the number of mobile phone users in India has crossed the number of fixed-line subscribers for the first time. So the year 2004 can be viewed upon as a landmark year in the history of Indian mobile telephony. Today, the mobile subscribers are not only much more than the land-line subscriber in the country, but their number is also increasing at a much faster pace. This was along the expected lines as, for the past few years, mobile phone subscriptions are growing at much faster rate than fixed phone subscriptions with almost all leading operators focusing more on wireless. Consequently, between March 2005 and March 2009, the country has added around 335 million new wireless subscribers to reach a total of 391. 76 million; however, the fixed line subscriptions have declined by 3. 46 million, down to 37. 6 million over the same period, partly reflecting the substitution effect. During the year 2008-09 around 0. 13 million average subscribers per month surrendered their land-line phone services except in the month of March which witnessed net additions of0. 23 million new subscribers. However, the telecom analysts opine that the fixed line telephony segment is definitely poised for growth in the coming years as the telephone operators are increasingly focusing on enhancing broadband penetration levels in the country and looking at introducing new value added services to enhance the experience of customers. BSNL is planning to use new technologies such as internet protocol television (IPTV) for tapping the fixed-line market. Tele-density: Tele-density (the number of telephone subscribers per 100 people)grew initially slowly from 7. 2 in March2004 to 12. 8 in March 2006, but thereafter galloped to a level of 36. 9 in March 2009 . Notwithstanding such remarkable achievement, it is necessary to note that India still lags far behind countries like Brazil and China, where the tele-density is over 50. China’s subscriber base is whopping. According to the China’s Ministry of Information Industry (MII), by the end of calendar 2007, China’s gross subscriber base consisting of fixed and mobile users had touched 912 million. Of the gross subscribers’ base, mobile subscribers have numbered 547 million and 6 fixed-line subscribers about 365 million at the end of December 2007. However, India’s tele-density is much higher compared to the neighboring countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. The telecom subscriber base in the fiscal year 2008-09 has reached a new milestone, as more than 129. 1 million telephone subscribers have been added during April 2008 – March2009 registering a growth of 43%. As indicated in the Table , the growth of mobile phone subscribers during the fiscal year 2008-09 has been phenomenal at 50%. Total subscribers & Teledensity In India 7 Monthly Growth Rate Of India’s Telephone subscribers 2008-09 The mobile subscriber base in the country is growing at su ch a fast pace that mobile operators are breaking the record for net additions almost every second month. India, the world’s fastest-growing mobile services market, has added a record 16. 2 million new wireless subscribers in March 2009, which are the highest ever additions in a single month till now. As per telecom analysts, this was the highest growth recorded within a 30-day period in any country. The previous best was 15. 41 million in January 2009. Consequently, the total number of mobile subscribers [(GSM, CDMA & WLL (F)] at the end of March 2009 has touched 391. 76 million as compared to 315. 31 million in September 2008 and 261. 09 million in March 2008. In recent years, smaller towns have fuelled further growth in mobile telephony . An interesting revelation is that currently, the cellular subscriber base is growing at a faster rate in Circles B and C as compared to Circle A and metropolitan cities. Interestingly, the bulk of the new mobile users are from the rural areas. As the country continues to add about 10-11 million new connections each month, the target of 500 million telephone subscribers by 2010 is expected to be met in advance. 8 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: Acquisitions: Sahara India Investment Corporation has acquired 11. 7% stake in Chennai-based telecom company STel Ltd, for an undisclosed amount. STel has licences to operate in several northern and eastern states. As per telecom analysts the deal can be worth around Rs 250 crore, if STel’s stake sale in Bahrain Telecommunications earlier this year is taken as the benchmark. Cell Phone for Rural Areas: A mobile phone that can be charged by a common pencil battery cell will be launched by next year. Techtium, the Israeli hybrid battery manufacturer is having discussions with various cellular phone manufacturing companies to make and market these low-cost handsets. This technology will be revolutionary, especially for rural areas in countries where availability of power is a major problem. The company has already launched a mobile phone in collaboration with Philips, which not only runs on the lithium battery, but also uses a single AAA battery as aback-up option. Investments Telecom player Aircel Ltd will be investing Rs 1,000 crore in Andhra Pradesh (AP) by 9 December 2009, as part of its $5 billion pan-India expansion plan spread over the next 3 to 5 years. The amount will be used to build base stations, install switches, create a data centre and enhance retail presence in AP. New Ventures India’s fifth largest telecom service provider, Aircel has launched its GSM mobile services in India’s financial capital, Mumbai, Maharashtra. The company is the seventh service provider in Mumbai’s saturated market and has to compete with six well established telecomcompanies – Airtel, MTNL, Vodafone Essar, Idea, Reliance, Tata Teleservices and Loop Mobile. Aircel has around 1,000 cell sites in Mumbai and will be increasing it to around 2,000 sites by the year-end. The company has presence in 17 circles among 22 circles in the country. Maxis Communications (Malaysia) holds a majority stake of 74% in Aircel. The company commenced operations in 1999 and became the leading mobile operator in Tamil Nadu within 18 months. Aircel began its outward expansion in 2005 and met with unprecedented success in the Eastern frontier circles. Tata Communications (formerly VSNL) an Rs 800 crore data and communications service provider company, has announced its participation in the $600 million new West AfricanCable System (WACS). The consortium includes Angola Telecom, Broadband Infraco, Cable &Wireless, MTN, Telecom Nambia, Portugal Telecom, Sotelco, Telkom SA, Togo Telecom and Vodacom. The operators have recently signed a construction and maintenance agreement and supply contract for the implementation of the WACS. ZTE Chinese telecom equipment provider, which has provided infrastructure to Indian telecom companies like Reliance Communication, Tata Teleservices, Aircel and Loop Telecom, has found a novel way to expand business in India. Recently, ZTE has tied up with China Development Bank for financing mobile operators in India for upgradation of the telecom infrastructure. The new strategy adopted by ZTE is not only to compete with existing, well established players like Ericsson, Nokia-Siemens, but also to increase its market share in India’s fastest growing telecom sector. 10 With 35. 53 Million net additions during the Quarter, Total Wireless (GSM + CDMA) subscriber base increased to 427. 28 Million at the end of June-09, and wireless Tele-density reached 36. 64. 4. Wireline subscriber base declined to 37. 54 Million at the end ofJune-09, taking the wireline teledensity to 3. 22. 5. Internet subscribers increased to 14. 5 million at the end of June2009 registering a quarterly growth rate of 3. 80%. However, this growth rate is lower than the growth rate seen in the previous quarter (5. 3%). 6. Share of Broadband subscription in total Internet subscription increased from 46% in Mar-09 to 47% in June-09. 86. 66% of the Broadband subscribers are using Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technology. 7. Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) for GSM-Full Mobil ity service declined by 10% from Rs. 205 in QE Mar-09 to Rs. 185 in QE Jun-09. 11 8. ARPU for CDMA – Full mobility service declined by 7. 2% from Rs. 99 in QE Mar-09 to Rs. 2 in QE June-09 9. ARPU for dialup Internet usage increased by 2. 97% from Rs. 236. 47 in QE March 2009 to Rs 243. 50 for the quarter endingJune 2009 10. MOU per subscriber for GSM – Full mobility service continued to show a declining trend. It declined by 6. 19% from 484 in QE Mar-09 to 454 in QE Jun-09. The outgoing MOUs declined by 5. 30% and incoming by 7. 04%. 11. MOU per subscriber for CDMA-full mobility service declined by 4% from 357 (Q. E March 2009) to 342 (Q. E June 2009). The Outgoing MOUs declined by 2. 7% and Incoming MOUs declined by 5. 2%. 12. Gross Revenue (GR) nd Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR) of Telecom Sector for the QE June-09 has been Rs 39,108. 33 Crore and Rs. 29,732. 52 Crore respectively. There has been a reduction of 3. 3% in GR as compared to previous quarter. AGR has shown slight increase of 0. 02% vis-a-vis previous quarter. 13. Average licence fee as percentage of AGR is 8. 43% in June-09 as against 8. 4% in previous quarter. 14. The wireline Service Providers met the QoS parameters of Customer Care Service (Closures)and Response time to the customer for assistance [%age of calls answered (electronically)within 20 sec] 15. The performance of wireline servce providers improved as compared to the previous quarter, in respect of parameters Provision of Telephones, Faults repaired by next working day,Mean Time to Repair, Call Completion Rate, Customer Care Services (Shifts and Additional Facilities) and Time taken for refund of deposits 16. The wireline service performance has deteriorated in this quarter, as compared to the previous quarter, in respect of Faults incidences, Metering & billing credibility, Response time to the customer for assistance [%age of calls answered (electronically) within 40 sec & %age of calls answered by operator (voice to voice)]. 2 Market Share – Rural & Urban 25. 225. 6% 74. 4% 13 Service Area wise Access (Wireless +Wireline) Subscribers 14 Subscribers (Rural & Urban) & Market share: 15 List of Cellular Mobile (GSM & CDMA) Service Providers currently providing service [As on 30th June 2009]: The operators currently operating in Kolkata are Airtel,Vodafone ,Tata Teleser vices,Idea, Reliance telecom, Aircel group, BSNL etc. Bharti is the leading service provider in this region . 16 CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTOR: Critical Success Factors (CSF’s) are the critical factors or activities required for ensuring the success your business. The term was initially used in the world of data analysis, and business analysis. Critical Success Factors have been used significantly to present or identify a few key factors that organizations should focus on to be successful. critical success factors refer to â€Å"the limited number of areas in which satisfactory results will ensure successful competitive performance for the individual, department, or organization†. Identifying CSF's is important as it allows firms to focus their efforts on building their capabilities to meet the CSF's, or even allow firms to decide if they have the capability to build the requirements necessary to meet Critical Success Factors (CSF's). Types of Critical Success Factor There are four basic types of CSF's They are: 1. Industry CSF's resulting from specific industry characteristics; 2. Strategy CSF's resulting from the chosen competitive strategy of the business; 3. Environmental CSF's resulting from economic or technological changes; and 4. Temporal CSF's resulting from internal organizational needs and changes. Five key sources of Critical Success Factors MAIN ASPECTS OF Critical Success Factors and their use in analysis CSF's are tailored to a firm's or manager's particular situation as different 17 situations (e. g. industry, division, individual) lead to different critical success factors. Rockart and Bullen presented five key sources of CSF's: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The industry, Competitive strategy and industry position, Environmental factors, Temporal factors, and Managerial position (if considered from an individual's point of view). Each of these factors is explained in greater detail below. The Industry Critical success factor Industry: There are some CSF's common to all companies operating within the same industry. Different industries will have unique, industryspecific CSF's An industry's set of characteristics define its own CSF's Different industries will thus have different CSF's, for example research into the CSF's for the Call centre, manufacturing, retail, business services, health care and education sectors showed each to be different after starting with a hypothesis of all sectors having their CSF's as market orientation, learning orientation, entrepreneurial management style and organizational flexibility. In reality each organization has its own unique goals so while these may be some industry standard – not all firms in one industry will have identical CSF's. Some trade associations offer benchmarking across possible common CSF's. Competitive strategy and Competitive position or strategy: The nature of position in the marketplace or the adopted 18 industry position Critical success factor strategy to gain market share gives rise to CSF's Differing strategies and positions have different CSF's Not all firms in an industry will have the same CSF's in a particular industry. A firm's current position in the industry (where it is relative to other competitors in the industry and also the market leader), its strategy, and its resources and capabilities will define its CSF's The values of an organization, its target market etc will all impact the CSF's that are appropriate for it at a given point in time. Environmental Factors Critical success factor Environmental changes: Economic, regulatory, political, and demographic changes create CSF's for an organization. These relate to environmental actors that are not in the control of the organization but which an organization must consider in developing CSF's Examples for these are the industry regulation, political development and economic performance of a country, and population trends. An example of environmental factors affecting an organization could be a de-merger. Temporal Factors Temporal factors: These relate to short-term situations, often crises. These CSF's may be important, but are usually short-liv ed. Temporal factors are temporary or one-off CSF's resulting from a specific event necessitating their inclusion. Theoretically these would include a firm which â€Å"lost executives as a result of a plane crash requiring a critical success factor of rebuilding the executive Critical success factor Critical success factor Critical success factor 19 group†. Practically, with the evolution and integration of markets globally, one could argue that temporal factors are not temporal anymore as they could exist regularly in organizations. For example, a firm aggressively building its business internationally would have a need for a core group of executives in its new markets. Thus, it would have the CSF of â€Å"building the executive group in a specific market† and it could have this every year for different markets. Managerial Position Critical success factor Critical success factor Managerial role: An individual role may generate CSF's as performance in a specific manager's area of responsibility may be deemed critical to the success of an organization. Managerial position. This is important if CSF's are considered from an individual's point of view. For example, manufacturing managers who would typically have the following CSF's: product quality, inventory control and cash control. In organizations with departments focused on customer relationships, a CSF for managers in these departments may be customer relationship management. INFORMATION FOR WRITING CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS: (CSF's) For the organization following the CSF method, the foundation for writing good CSF's is a good understanding of the environment, the industry and the organization In order to do so, this requires the use of information that is readily available in the public domain. Externally, industry information can be sourced from industry associations, news articles, trade associations, prospectuses of competitors, and equity/analyst reports to name some sources. These would all be helpful in building knowledge of the 20 environment, the industry and competitors. Internally, there should be enough sources available to management from which to build on their knowledge of the organization. In most cases, these won't even have to be anything published as managers are expected to have a good understanding of their organization Together, the external and internal information already provides the basis from which discussion on CSF's could begin. USING CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR STRATEGIC AND BUSINESS PLANNING: I have considered t following factors to be the critical success factors for the mobile service providers of the eastern region. 1) CONCEIVE AND DESIGN: a)GSM b)CDMA 21 c)3G 2) HUMAN RESOURCE: 3) MARKET: a) Advertising b) Sales offers c) Network Coverage. ) Customer Service e) Value Added Service. 4) MANAGEMENT: a) Planning. b) Organizational Structure. 5) FINANCE: a) Budget System. 22 FINDINGS: The cellular subscriber base is growing at a faster rate in West Bengal, Bihar, Kerala,Himachal Pradesh, Punjab as compared to Maharashtra, Tamilnadu, Andra Pradesh and metropolitan cities. The number of subscribers for the urban sector is more for every service provider in comparison with the rural sector, the monthly addition of new subscribers for the urban sector is also more than the rural sector . The period april 2008-march2009 has saw a phenomenonal addition of 129. 1 million telephone subscribers, an increase of 43%. Total wireless (GSM + CDMA) subscriber base increased from 391. 76 million in march -09 to 427. 29 million at the end of june-09, showing a growth of 9. 07%. Airtel and Vodafone was found out to be leading service providers of Kolkata. 23 REFERENCES: 1)www. trai. gov. in 2)Harvard Business Review (Article by Frances X. Frei—April 2008) 3)Harvard Business Review(Article by Christopher W. Hart—March 2007) 4)www. hindu. com 5)Competitive strategy by Michael E. Porter 6)Competitive Advantage by Michael E. Porter 24